@article {857,
	title = {Stitching History into Semantics: LLM-Supported Knowledge Graph Engineering for 19th-Century Greek Bookbinding},
	journal = {Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2025},
	pages = {59},
	abstract = {<p>Preserving cultural heritage can be efficiently supported by structured and semantic representation of historical artifacts. Bookbinding, a critical aspect of book history, provides valuable insights into past craftsmanship, material use, and conservation practices. However, existing bibliographic records often lack the depth needed to analyze bookbinding techniques, provenance, and preservation status. This paper presents a proof-of-concept system that explores how Large Language Models (LLMs) can support knowledge graph engineering within the context of 19th-century Greek bookbinding (1830{\textendash}1900), and as a result, generate a domain-specific ontology and a knowledge graph. Our ontology encapsulates materials, binding techniques, artistic styles, and conservation history, integrating metadata standards like MARC and Dublin Core to ensure interoperability with existing library and archival systems. To validate its effectiveness, we construct a Neo4j knowledge graph, based on the generated ontology and utilize Cypher Queries{\textemdash}including LLM-generated queries{\textemdash}to extract insights about bookbinding practices and trends. This study also explores how semantic reasoning over the knowledge graph can identify historical binding patterns, assess book conservation needs, and infer relationships between bookbinding workshops. Unlike previous bibliographic ontologies, our approach provides a comprehensive, semantically rich representation of bookbinding history, methods and techniques, supporting scholars, conservators, and cultural heritage institutions. By demonstrating how LLMs can assist in ontology/KG creation and query generation, we introduce and evaluate a semi-automated pipeline as a methodological demonstration for studying historical bookbinding, contributing to digital humanities, book conservation, and cultural informatics. Finally, the proposed approach can be used in other domains, thus, being generally applicable in knowledge engineering.</p>
},
	keywords = {bookbinding history, Cultural heritage, knowledge graphs, large language models, ontology engineering},
	issn = {2504-4990},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/make7030059},
	author = {Doumanas, Dimitrios and Ntalouka, Efthalia and Vassilakis, Costas and Wallace, Manolis and Kotis, Konstantinos}
}
@conference {778,
	title = {{\textquotedblleft}Talking{\textquotedblright} Triples to Museum Chatbots},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, volume "Culture and Computing"},
	year = {2020},
	publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
	organization = {Springer International Publishing},
	abstract = {<p>The paper presents recent work on the design and development of AI chatbots for museums using Knowledge Graphs (KGs). The utilization of KGs as a key technology for implementing chatbots raises not only issues related to the representation and structuring of exhibits{\textquoteright} knowledge in suitable formalism and models, but also issues related to the translation of natural language dialogues to and from the selected technology for the formal representation and structuring of information and knowledge. Moreover, such a translation must be as transparent as possible to visitors, towards a realistic human-like question-answering process. The paper reviews and evaluates a number of recent approaches for the use of KGs in developing AI chatbots, as well as key tools that provide solutions for natural language translation and the querying of Knowledge Bases and Linked Open Data sources. This evaluation aims to provide answers to issues that are identified within the proposed MuBot approach for designing and implementing AI chatbots for museums. The paper also presents Cretan MuBot, the first experimental KG/Ontology-based AI chatbot of the MuBot Platform, which is under development in the Heracleum Archaeological Museum.</p>
},
	keywords = {chatbots, knowledge graphs, Museums, NLP, RDF triples},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-50267-6_22},
	author = {Savvas Varitimiadis and Konstantinos Kotis and Dimitris Spiliotopoulos and Costas Vassilakis and Dionisis Margaris}
}
